Mythology
Folk
stories about supernatural mythological characters form an essential layer of
folk culture of the peasants of Desna River and Bolva River Basin. According
to peasants' creative imagination, nearby forests are inhabited by forest
nymphs; in peasants' houses there live house-spirits; bath-houses are
populated by demons. Certainly not all people have faith in such beliefs, but
everybody will tell you with pleasure a story, which has happened to himself,
or to his relative, or to his friend.

The system of
mythological characters is full of discrepancies. For example, a forest nymph
is interpreted very differently in various villages, which are not too far
from each other (2 to 4 miles). In some of them a nymph is a harmless creature,
neutral to a human being. In other villages she is a magic forest girl who can
demonstrate peculiar abilities and knowledge. Sometimes a nymph can be
interpreted as a witch who takes away the vital power from rye and leaves
people without harvest). Our goal is to collect as much detailed information
as possible about the nature (set of characteristic functions) and the
appearance of each mythological character. The most important factor for us is
to reveal 'transitional' forms of such characters.
JESUS CHRIST
(Iisus Khristos) threw the Devil in a bog; divided animals into
divine and devilish; took away people's knowledge of the exact time of their
death; punished communists for destruction of churches, etc.
THE VIRGIN
(Bogoroditsa) helps during childbirth; weeps for our sins;
intercedes for
SAINT NICOLA
(Svyatoi Nikolai-ugodnik) helps travelers;

SAINT GEORGE
(Svyatoi Georgii) - helps soldiers; conquers snakes, protects
cattle from wolves; can transform in a wolf or be a King of wolves, etc.
SAINT IL'YA
(Svyatoi Il'ia) sends rains on earth; throws lightning at demons,
etc.
HOUSE-SPIRIT
(Domovoi) brings luck to the owner of the house; takes vengeance
against the owner of the house if he does not take him to a new house; shows
himself as a small old man, as a grass-snake, or as a weasel; appears to the
owner of the house prior to misfortune, etc.
YARD-SPIRIT
(Dvorovoi) looks after the livestock if he likes the color of
the cow's hair or coat of a horse; harasses the cattle if he does not like,
etc.
FOREST-SPIRIT
(Leshii) laughs boisterously in the forest; invisible himself,
he leads people to make them get lost; shows himself to a peasant before a
misfortune; takes away children from those parents who swear at them, etc.
FOREST NYMPHS
(Rusalki) swing on birch branches during Whitsuntide;
spin-skilled. Nymphs may spoil a harvest or tickle men to death. Even now
peasants of the Southwestern villages think that if anybody gives clothes to a
nymph (folk beliefs tell that a forest nymph is naked and that the only "clothing"
she wears is her long, ankle-length black or green hair), she will in
gratitude endow this person with health, riches, happiness in marriage, or
with magic power to treat others

WITCH
(Ved'ma) damages people and cattle; spoils a harvest; flies on a
broom; all witches get together for witches' Sabbath on certain days; can
transform into a cat, a pig, a frog, etc.; can not die unless she transmits
her 'witch power' to someone else, etc. In every village someone can show you
a lime-tree or a pine where witches get together for a Sabbath in the full
moon.
DEMONS
(Cherti) punish those people who wash in bath-houses at night;
substitute a log for a child if parents swear at the child; play tricks on
drunk men; etc.
Video recording of
mythological stories' performance preserves for world culture authentic image
of the folk narrator, whose artistic consciousness still continues creating a
mysterious world of forest-spirits, forest nymphs, house-spirits and sorcerers
at the time of high technology and exploration of space.
Video records preserve
the whole complex of performer's expressive means, such as picturesque speech,
intonations, facial expression and gesticulation. All those demonstrate the
high aesthetics of folk art. Without those, the folk mythological story
becomes a short, difficult to understand text about improved events. And it is
perceived as an idle invention at best. The living words of a true folk artist
should be video recorded as an outstanding theater performance.